Nvalue
Biomethane

Biomethane can reduce your ETS exposure. But can your company report that benefit too?

If you are evaluating biomethane for industrial use, the issue is not only procurement. It is understanding how that benefit holds up across compliance, reporting and communication.

What can your company actually claim?

This is the central question: certified biomethane may reduce your EU ETS exposure and generate a real financial benefit, but that does not automatically mean the same benefit can be declared in the same way under GHG Protocol or SBTi.

Why it matters

Your company may find itself in a difficult position: saving on EUA costs under EU ETS while not being able to translate that outcome directly into a Scope 1 reduction claim for reporting purposes. If that gap is misunderstood, the risk is not only technical confusion but also weak documentation, inconsistent communication and potential greenwashing exposure.

How Nvalue supports your strategy

This is where Nvalue can create differentiated value. We do not only help you access certified biomethane. We help you understand what the benefit means across compliance, reporting and communication, and how to structure the documentation and claim approach so it remains defensible under scrutiny.

How biomethane works for your company

Watch the discussion between Lee Caplen (Corporate Climate Advisor) and Davis Krezins (Business Developer / Future Fuels and Carbon Markets) on how biomethane can affect industrial decarbonisation choices, EU ETS exposure, certification strategy and corporate reporting.

Biomethane for Industry: EU ETS, Certification and Corporate Decarbonisation

Topics covered: what biomethane is, why EU policy is accelerating demand, how biomethane is treated under ETS1 and ETS2, what documentation is required, how biomethane interacts with GHG Protocol and SBTi, and why Proof of Sustainability and Guarantees of Origin do not serve the same purpose.

What biomethane could mean for your company

If your business relies on gas-based heat, combustion processes or other applications where electrification is difficult, biomethane can offer a more practical route than waiting for full equipment or infrastructure change. Because it is produced from organic waste streams, upgraded to natural gas quality and injected into existing gas networks, it can fit within infrastructure you already use.

It is becoming more relevant because policy and market signals are converging. RED III supports renewable energy expansion, the EU ETS increases the cost of fossil fuel emissions, and national climate plans are translating those pressures into real corporate decision-making. For many companies, this turns biomethane into a strategic procurement and compliance question, not just a sustainability topic.

Highlights

  • Works within existing gas infrastructure
  • Relevant where electrification is difficult
  • Increasingly linked to ETS exposure and cost management
  • Important for industry, utilities and transport
  • Requires a robust documentation and claim strategy

Key takeaways for corporate buyers

  1. 1

    Biomethane can be used today

    Your company may be able to use it in existing infrastructure without major equipment changes.

  2. 2

    EU ETS treatment can be financially relevant

    In ETS-covered installations, certified biomethane can be treated as zero emissions for compliance purposes, subject to proper documentation.

  3. 3

    Documentation is not optional

    Your strategy needs valid Proof of Sustainability, auditable mass balance and traceable chain-of-custody systems.

  4. 4

    Compliance value and reporting value are not identical

    A real regulatory or financial benefit under EU ETS does not automatically become the same type of Scope 1 claim under GHG Protocol or SBTi.

  5. 5

    Not all certificates do the same job

    Proof of Sustainability supports compliance. Guarantees of Origin support disclosure and voluntary claims.

What biomethane can mean for your ETS exposure

For ETS-covered installations, certified biomethane can reduce your company's compliance exposure because operators do not need to surrender EU allowances for the associated fuel use when the biomethane is properly certified in line with EU requirements. This means biomethane can function not only as a decarbonisation option, but also as a cost-management and risk-management tool.

Practical Example

Fossil gas replaced
10 GWh
CO2 avoided
~2,000 tCO2
Avoided EUA cost
~€160k – €200k

Depending on EUA pricing and the wider business case.

Frequently Asked Questions

Looking for definitions of the terms used below? See the Glossary.

1. EU ETS compliance and regulation

Why is biomethane considered "zero-emission" under the EU ETS?

When certified in accordance with the Renewable Energy Directive (RED), biomethane combusted in installations covered by the ETS does not require the surrender of emission allowances (EUAs).

What is the key difference between the current ETS (ETS1) and the upcoming ETS2 with regard to biomethane?

Under ETS1, the benefit applies directly to the end user, meaning the installation itself. Under ETS2, starting from 2028, the obligation will fall on fuel suppliers, which may reduce their liability by blending or replacing fossil gas with certified volumes.

What documentation is required to prevent biomethane from being treated as fossil gas?

Without a valid and traceable Proof of Sustainability (PoS), supported by chain-of-custody systems such as ISCC or RedCert, biomethane is treated as fossil gas for ETS reporting purposes.

2. Financial and market aspects

What is the potential economic benefit for a company switching to biomethane?

With EUA prices ranging between €80 and €100 per tonne of CO2, replacing large volumes of natural gas, for example 10 GWh, can generate significant savings in compliance costs, estimated at around €180,000 in the case cited.

Why are Guarantees of Origin (GOs) not sufficient on their own for compliance markets?

GOs track origin and volume for voluntary claims, but the ETS requires a Proof of Sustainability (PoS), which also includes data on feedstocks and greenhouse gas savings.

3. Reporting and voluntary standards (GHG Protocol)

Why can companies not currently rely only on certificates to reduce Scope 1 emissions linked to grid gas?

According to the current GHG Protocol guidance, for biomethane injected into the gas grid, companies must report emissions based on the average grid mix, since the use of certificates alone to adjust Scope 1 emissions is not yet fully recognized.

How could the ongoing GHG Protocol revision affect corporate strategies?

As the Protocol is currently under revision, including new guidance on the agricultural sector and removals, the present Scope 1 restrictions are considered provisional and may become more flexible in the future.

4. Challenges and future developments

What are the main barriers to creating a truly unified biomethane market in the EU?

The main barriers include the lack of harmonized recognition of Proofs of Sustainability across Member States, as well as delays in the full implementation of the Union Database.

What role do certification bodies play in maintaining market trust?

Certification bodies and auditors are essential to prevent double counting and ensure transparency, especially with the introduction of new mass-balance rules, such as the recent ISCC guidelines.

Request your biomethane claim assessment

At Nvalue, we support industrial companies, utilities and fuel market participants in evaluating how biomethane can be used within a broader compliance and decarbonisation approach. This includes certification strategy, documentary robustness, market access, and alignment across regulatory, reporting and communication needs.

A biomethane claim assessment can help your company understand where the benefit sits, what documentation is required, which claims are supportable, and where extra caution is needed before communicating results internally or externally.

Why request your free assessment now?

  • Speed: Get answers within 72 hours, so you can start shaping your strategy.
  • Reliability: Your data is processed by our Carbon Consulting team and our Trading Desk, with experts in energy and environmental markets, carbon accounting and Life Cycle Assessment.

Speakers

Glossary

1. Technical and product terms

Biomethane
A renewable gas produced by upgrading biogas generated from organic waste streams, such as agricultural residues, food waste, and wastewater. Because it has the same quality as fossil gas, it can be injected into existing gas infrastructure without requiring modifications to equipment.
Biogenic CO2
CO2 emissions resulting from the combustion of biomethane. Under the GHG Protocol, these emissions must be reported separately from the standard Scopes and are not counted as fossil Scope 1 emissions.
Mass Balance
A chain-of-custody system used to track biomethane volumes and match them with sustainability documentation, ensuring traceability throughout the supply chain.

2. Regulatory framework and EU ETS compliance

EU ETS
EU Emissions Trading System. A cap-and-trade system under which covered installations must monitor their CO2 emissions and surrender an equivalent number of emission allowances (EUAs). Within this framework, certified biomethane is treated as zero-emission.
ETS2
The new phase of the ETS, due to apply from 2028, which will extend compliance obligations to the buildings sector, road transport, and small industry.
EUA
EU Allowance. An emission allowance under the EU ETS. Each allowance grants the right to emit one tonne of CO2.
RED III
Renewable Energy Directive. The EU regulatory framework that defines sustainability criteria for renewable energy and sets the target of reaching 42.5% renewable energy in final energy consumption by 2030.

3. Certifications and supporting documentation

PoS
Proof of Sustainability. The mandatory document used to demonstrate that biomethane meets the sustainability and greenhouse gas saving criteria established under RED. Without a valid PoS, biomethane is treated as fossil gas for ETS purposes.
GO
Guarantee of Origin. A certificate that tracks the origin and volume of renewable gas for transparency and voluntary claims. On its own, it is not sufficient for ETS compliance, which requires a PoS.
Union Database (UDB)
The EU's central database designed to track biomethane and other renewable fuels, facilitate cross-border trade, and prevent double counting.
ISCC / RedCert
Recognized voluntary certification schemes operating within the Union Database framework to verify the sustainability of biomethane.

4. Corporate reporting and voluntary standards

GHG Protocol
Greenhouse Gas Protocol. The leading international standard for corporate greenhouse gas accounting. At present, for gas injected into the grid, it does not yet allow companies to adjust Scope 1 emissions on the basis of certificates alone, and instead requires reporting based on the average grid mix.
SBTi
Science Based Targets initiative. An initiative that defines and promotes best practices for setting science-based climate targets. At present, it does not recognize biomethane certificates as the sole basis for reducing Scope 1 emissions without physical fuel switching.

Nvalue

With a Swiss DNA founded on integrity and competence, and a commitment to ESG transparency validated by our EcoVadis certification, Nvalue has been a pioneer in environmental markets since 2008. We are a dynamic partner offering liquidity, risk management, and strategic solutions for the energy transition. Our deep market knowledge is backed by our global presence, with offices in Lucerne, Amsterdam, Milan, Varna, and New York, enabling us to provide tailored support for both local challenges and international opportunities.

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